Shahnameh: The Story of Rostam and Sohrab

GIVE ear unto the combat of Sohrab against Rostam, though it be a tale replete with tears. It came about that on a certain day Rostam arose from his couch, and his mind was filled with forebodings. He bethought him therefore to go out to the chase. So he saddled Rakhsh and made ready his quiver with arrows. Then he Turned him unto the wilds that lie near Turan, even in the direction of the city of Saamangan. And when he was come nigh unto it, he started a herd of asses and made sport among them till that he was weary of the hunt. Then he caught one and slew it and roasted it for his meal, and when he had eaten it and broken the bones for the marrow, he laid himself down to slumber, and Rakhsh cropped the pasTure beside him.

Now while the hero was sleeping there passed by seven knights of Turan, and they beheld Rakhsh and coveted him. So they threw their cords at him to ensnare him. But Rakhsh, when he beheld their design, pawed the ground in anger, and fell upon them as he had fallen upon the lion. And of one man he bit off the head, and another he struck down under his hoofs, and he would have overcome them all, but they were too many. So they ensnared him and led him into the city, thinking in their hearts,

"Verily a goodly capTure have we made."

But Rostam when he awoke from his slumbers was downcast and sore grieved when he saw not his steed, and he said unto himself-

"How can I stand against the Turks, and how can I traverse the desert alone?"

And his heart was full of trouble. Then he sought for the traces of the horse's hoofs, and he followed them, and they led him even unto the gates of the city. Now when those within beheld Rostam, and that he came before them on foot, the King and the nobles came forth to greet him, and inquired of him how this was come about. Then Rostam told them how Rakhsh was vanished while he slumbered, and how he had followed his track even unto these gates. And he sware a great oath, and vowed that if his courser were not restored unto him many heads should quit their trunks. Then the King of Saamangan, when he saw that Rostam was beside himself with anger, spoke words of soothing, and said that none of his people should do wrong unto the hero; and he begged him that he would enter into his house and abide with him until that search had been made, saying-

"Surely Rakhsh cannot be hid."

And Rostam was satisfied at these words, and cast suspicion from his spirit, and entered the house of the King, and feasted with him, and beguiled the hours with wine. And the King rejoiced in his guest, and encompassed him with sweet singers and all honour. And when the night was fallen the King himself led Rostam unto a couch perfumed with musk and roses, and he bade him slumber sweetly until the morning. And he declared to him yet again that all was well for him and for his steed.

Now when a portion of the night was spent, and the star of morning stood high in the arch of heaven, the door of Rostam's chamber was opened, and a murmur of soft voices came in from the threshold. And there stepped within a slave bearing a lamp perfumed with amber, and a woman whose beauty was veiled came after her. And as she moved musk was scattered from her robes. And the women came nigh unto the bed of the hero heavy with wine and slumber. And he was amazed when he saw them. And when he had roused him somewhat he spake and said-

"Who art thou, and what is thy name and thy desire, and what seekest thou from me in the dark night?"

Then the Pari-faced answered him, saying,

"I am Tahmineh, the daughter of the King of Saamangan, of the race of the leopard and the lion, and none of the princes of this earth are worthy of my hand, neither hath any man seen me unveiled. But my heart is torn with anguish, and my spirit is tossed with desire, for I have heard of thy deeds of prowess, and how thou fearest neither Deev nor lion, neither leopard nor crocodile, and how thy hand is swift to strike, and how thou didst venTure alone into Mazandaran, and how wild asses are devoured of thee, and how the earth groaneth under the tread of thy feet, and how men Parish at thy blows, and how even the eagle dareth not swoop down upon her prey when she beholdeth thy sword. These things and more have they told unto me, and mine eyes have yearned to look upon thy face. And now hath God brought thee within the gates of my father, and I am come to say unto thee that I am thine if thou wilt hear me, and if thou wilt not, none other will I espouse. And consider, O Pahlewan, how that love hath obscured mine understanding and withdrawn me from the bosom of discretion, yet peradvenTure God will grant unto me a son like to thee for strength and valour, to whom shall be given the empire of the world. And if thou wilt listen unto me, I will lead forth before thee Rakhsh thy steed, and I will place under thy feet the land of Saamangan."

Now while this moon of beauty was yet speaking, Rostam regarded her. And he saw that she was fair, and that wisdom abode in her mind; and when he heard of Rakhsh, his spirit was decided within him, and he held that this advenTure could not end save gloriously. So he sent a Mubid unto the King and demanded the hand of Tahmineh from her father. And the King, when he heard the news, was rejoiced, and gave his daughter unto the Pahlewan, and they concluded an alliance according to custom and the rites. And all men, young and old, within the house and city of the King were glad at this alliance, and called down blessings upon Rostam.

Now Rostam, when he was alone with the Pari-faced, took from his arm an onyx that was known unto all the world. And he gave it to her, and said-

"Cherish this jewel, and if Heaven cause thee to give birth unto a daughter, fasten it within her locks, and it will shield her from evil; but if it be granted unto thee to bring forth a son, fasten it upon his arm, that he may wear it like his father. And he shall be strong as Keriman, of staTure like unto Saam the son of Narymann, and of grace of speech like unto Zal, my father."

The Pari-faced, when she had heard these words, was glad in his presence. But when the day was passed there came in unto them the King her father, and he told Rostam how that tidings of Rakhsh were come unto his ears, and how that the courser would shortly be within the gates. And Rostam, when he heard it, was filled with longing after his steed, and when he knew that he was come he hastened forth to caress him. And with his own hands he fastened the saddle, and gave thanks unto Urmazd, who had restored his joy between his hands. Then he knew that the time to depart was come. And he opened his arms and took unto his heart Tahmineh the fair of face, and he bathed her cheek with his tears and covered her hair with kisses. Then he flung him upon Rakhsh, and the swift-footed bare him quickly from out of her sight. And Tahmineh was sorrowful exceedingly, and Rostam too was filled with thoughts as he Turned him back into Zabolestan. And he pondered this advenTure in his heart, but to no man did he speak of what he had seen or done.

Now when nine moons had run their course there was born unto Tahmineh a son in the likeness of his father, a babe whose mouth was filled with smiles, wherefore men called him Sohrab. And when he numbered but one month he was like unto a child of twelve, and when he numbered five years he was skilled in arms and all the arts of war, and when ten years were rolled above his head there was none in the land that could resist him in the games of strength. Then he came before his mother and spake words of daring. And he said-

"Since I am taller and stouter than my peers, teach unto me my race and lineage, and what I shall say when men ask me the name of my sire. But if thou refuse an answer unto my demands, I will strike thee out from the rolls of the living."

When Tahmineh beheld the ardour of her son, she smiled in her spirit because that his fire was like to that of his father. And she opened her mouth and said-

"Hear my words, O my son, and be glad in thine heart, neither give way in thy spirit to anger. For thou art the offspring of Rostam, thou art descended from the seed of Saam and Zal, and Narymann was thy forefather. And since God made the world it hath held none like unto Rostam, thy sire."

Then she showed to him a letter written by the Pahlewan, and gave to him the gold and jewels Rostam had sent at his birth. And she spake and said-

"Cherish these gifts with gratitude, for it is thy father who hath sent them. Yet remember, O my son, that thou close thy lips concerning these things; for Turan groaneth under the hand of Afrasiyab, and he is foe unto Rostam the glorious. If, therefore, he should learn of thee, he would seek to destroy the son for hatred of the sire. Moreover, O my boy, if Rostam learned that thou wert become a mountain of valour, perchance he would demand thee at my hands, and the sorrow of thy loss would crush the heart of thy mother."

But Sohrab replied,

"Nought can be hidden upon earth for aye. To all men are known the deeds of Rostam, and since my birth be thus noble, wherefore hast thou kept it dark from me so long? I will go forth with an army of brave Turks and lead them unto Iran, I will cast Kay-Kavous from off his throne, I will give to Rostam the crown of the Key’ianides, and together we will subdue the land of Turan, and Afrasiyab shall be slain by my hands. Then will I mount the throne in his stead. But thou shalt be called Queen of Iran. for since Rostam is my father and I am his son no other kings shall rule in this world, for to us alone behoveth it to wear the crowns of might. And I pant in longing after the battlefield, and I desire that the world should behold my prowess. But a horse is needful unto me, a steed tall and strong of power to bear me, for it beseemeth me not to go on foot before mine enemies."

Now Tahmineh, when she had heard the words of this boy, rejoiced in her soul at his courage. So she bade the guardians of the flocks lead out the horses before Sohrab her son. And they did as she had bidden, and Sohrab surveyed the steeds, and tested their strength like as his father had done before him of old, and he bowed them under his hand, and he could not be satisfied. And thus for many days did he seek a worthy steed. Then one came before him and told of a foal sprung from Rakhsh, the swift of foot. When Sohrab heard the tidings he smiled, and bade that the foal be led before him. And he tested it and found it to be strong. So he saddled it and sprang upon its back and cried, saying-

"Now that I own a horse like thee, the world shall be made dark to many."

Then he made ready for war against Iran, and the nobles and warriors flocked around him. And when all was in order Sohrab came before his grandsire and craved his counsel and his aid to go forth into the land of Iran and seek out his father. And the King of Saamangan, when he heard these wishes, deemed them to be just, and he

opened the doors of his treasures without stint and gave unto Sohrab of his wealth, for he was filled with pleasure at this boy. And he invested Sohrab with all the honours of a King, and he bestowed on him all the marks of his good pleasure.

Meantime a certain man brought news unto Afrasiyab that Sohrab was making ready an army to fall upon Iran, and to cast Kay-Kavous from off his throne. And he told Afrasiyab how the courage and valour of Sohrab exceeded words. And Afrasiyab, when he heard this, hid not his contentment, and he called before him Humaan and Barman, the doughty. Then he bade them gather together an army and join the ranks of Sohrab, and he confided to them his secret purpose, but he enjoined them to tell no man thereof. For he said-

"Into our hands hath it been given to settle the course of the world. For it is known unto me that Sohrab is sprung from Rostam the Pahlewan, but from Rostam must it be hidden who it is that goeth out against him, then peradvenTure he will Parish by the hands of this young lion, and Iran, devoid of Rostam, will fall a prey into my hands. Then will we subdue Sohrab also, and all the world will be ours. But if it be written that Sohrab fall under the hand of Tehemten, then the grief he shall endure when he shall learn that he hath slain his son will bring him to the grave for sorrow."

So spake Afrasiyab in his guile, and when he had done unveiling his black heart he bade the warriors depart unto Saamangan. And they bare with them gifts of great price to pour before the face of Sohrab. And they bare also a letter filled with soft words. And in the letter Afrasiyab lauded Sohrab for his resolve, and told him how that if Iran be subdued the world would henceforth know peace, for upon his own head would he place the crown of the Key’ianides; and Turan, Iran, and Saamangan should be as one land.

When Sohrab had read this letter, and saw the gifts and the aid sent out to him, he rejoiced aloud, for he deemed that now none could withstand his might. So he caused the cymbals of deparTure to be clashed, and the army made them ready to go forth. Then Sohrab led them into the land of Iran. And their track was marked by desolation and destruction, for they spared nothing that they passed. And they spread fire and dismay abroad, and they marched on unstayed until they came unto the White Castle, the fortress wherein Iran put its trust.

Now the guardian of the castle was named Hadzir, and there lived with him Gostaham the brave, but he was grown old, and could aid no longer save with his counsels. And there abode also his daughter Gordafrid, a warlike maid, firm in the saddle, and practised in the fight. Now when Hadzir beheld from afar a dusky cloud of armed men he came forth to meet them. And Sohrab, when he saw him, drew his sword, and demanded his name, and bade him prepare to meet his end. And he taunted him with rashness that he was come forth thus unaided to stand against a lion. But Hadzir answered Sohrab with taunts again, and vowed that he would sever his head from his trunk and send it for a trophy unto the King. Yet Sohrab only smiled when he heard these words, and he challenged Hadzir to come near. And they met in combat, and wrestled sore one with another, and stalwart were their strokes and strong; but Sohrab overcame Hadzir as though he were an infant, and he bound him and sent him captive unto Humaan.

But when those within the castle learned that their chief was bound they raised great lamentation, and their fears were sore. And Gordafrid too, when she learned it, was grieved, but she was ashamed also for the fate of Hadzir. So she took forth burnished mail and clad herself therein, and she hid her tresses under a helmet of Roum, and she mounted a steed of battle and came forth before the walls like to a warrior. And she uttered a cry of thunder, and flung it amid the ranks of Turan, and she defied the champions to come forth to single combat. And none came, for they beheld her how she was strong, and they knew not that it was a woman, and they were afraid. But Sohrab, when he saw it, stepped forth and said-

"I will accept thy challenge, and a second prize will fall into my hands."

Then he girded himself and made ready for the fight. And the maid, when she saw he was ready, rained arrows upon him with art, and they fell quick like hail, and whizzed about his head; and Sohrab, when he saw it, could not defend himself, and was angry and ashamed. Then he covered his head with a shield and ran at the maid. But she, when she saw him approach, dropped her bow and couched a lance, and thrust at Sohrab with vigour, and shook him mightily, and it wanted little and she would have thrown him from his seat. And Sohrab was amazed, and his wrath knew no bounds. Then he ran at Gordafrid with fury, and seized the reins of her steed, and caught her by the waist, and tore her armour, and threw her upon the ground. Yet ere he could raise his hand to strike her, she drew her sword and shivered his lance in twain, and leaped again upon her steed. And when she saw that the day was hers, she was weary of further combat, and she sped back unto the fortress. But Sohrab gave rein unto his horse, and followed after her in his great anger. And he caught her, and seized her, and tore the helmet from off her head, for he desired to look upon the face of the man who could withstand the son of Rostam. And lo! when he had done so, there rolled forth from the helmet coils of dusky hue, and Sohrab beheld it was a woman that had overcome him in the fight. And he was confounded. But when he had found speech he said-

"If the daughters of Iran are like to thee, and go forth unto battle, none can stand against this land."

Then he took his cord and threw it about her, and bound her in its snare, saying-

"Seek not to escape me, O moon of beauty, for never hath prey like unto thee fallen between my hands."

Then Gordafrid, full of wile, Turned unto him her face that was unveiled, for she beheld no other means of safety, and she said unto him-

"O hero without flaw, is it well that thou shouldest seek to make me captive, and show me unto the army? For they have beheld our combat, and that I overcame thee, and surely now they will gibe when they learn that thy strength was withstood by a woman. Better would it beseem thee to hide this advenTure, lest thy cheeks have cause to blush because of me. Therefore let us conclude a peace together. The castle shall be thine, and all it holds; follow after me then, and take possession of thine own."

Now Sohrab, when he had listened, was beguiled by her words and her beauty, and he said-

"Thou dost wisely to make peace with me, for verily these walls could not resist my might."

And he followed after her unto the heights of the castle, and he stood with her before its gates. And Gostaham, when he saw them, opened the portal, and Gordafrid stepped within the threshold, but when Sohrab would have followed after her she shut the door upon him. Then Sohrab saw that she had befooled him, and his fury knew no bounds. But ere he was recovered from his surprise she came out upon the battlements and scoffed at him, and counselled him to go back whence he was come; for surely, since he could not stand against a woman, he would fall an easy prey before Rostam, when the Pahlewan should have learned that robbers from Turan were broken into the land. And Sohrab was made yet madder for her words, and he departed from the walls in his wrath, and rode far in his anger, and spread terror in his path. And he vowed that he would yet bring the maid into subjection.

In the meantime Gostaham the aged called before him a scribe, and bade him write unto Kay-Kavous all that was come about, and how an army was come forth from Turan, at whose head rode a chief that was a child in years, a lion in strength and staTure. And he told how Hadzir had been bound, and how the fortress was like to fall into the hands of the enemy; for there were none to defend it save only his daughter and himself and he craved the King to come to their aid.

Albeit when the day had followed yet again upon the night, Sohrab made ready his host to fall upon the castle. But when he came near thereto he found it was empty, and the doors thereof stood open, and no warriors appeared upon its walls. And he was surprised, for he knew not that in the darkness the inmates were fled by a passage that was hidden under the earth. And he searched the building for Gordafrid, for his heart yearned after her in love, and he cried aloud-

"Woe, woe is me that this moon is vanished behind the clouds!"

Now when Kay-Kavous had gotten the writing of Gostaham, he was sore afflicted and much afraid, and he called about him his nobles and asked their counsels. And he said-

"Who shall stand against this Turk? For Gostaham doth liken him in power unto Rostam, and saith he resembleth the seed of Narymann."

Then the warriors cried with one accord,

"Unto Rostam alone can we look in this danger!"

And Kay-Kavous hearkened to their voice, and he called for a scribe and dictated unto him a letter. And he wrote unto his Pahlewan, and invoked the blessings of Heaven upon his head, and he told him all that was come to pass, and how new dangers threatened Iran, and how to Rostam alone could he look for help in his trouble. And he recalled unto Tehemten all that he had done for him in the days that were gone by, and he entreated him once again to be his refuge. And he said-

"When thou shalt receive this letter, stay not to speak the word that hangeth upon thy lips; and if thou bearest roses in thy hands, stop not to smell them, but haste thee to help us in our need."

Then Kay-Kavous sent forth Giwe with this writing unto Zabolestan, and bade him neither rest nor tarry until he should stand before the face of Rostam. And he said-

"When thou hast done my behest, Turn thee again unto me; neither abide within the courts of the Pahlewan, nor linger by the roadside."

And Giwe did as the King commanded, and took neither food nor rest till he set foot within the gates of Rostam. And Rostam greeted him kindly, and asked him of his mission; and when he had read the writing of the King, he questioned Giwe concerning Sohrab. For he said-

"I should not marvel if such an hero arose in Iran, but that a warrior of renown should come forth from amid the Turks, I cannot believe it. But thou sayest none knoweth whence cometh this knight. I have myself a son in Saamangan, but he is yet an infant, and his mother writeth to me that he rejoiceth in the sports of his age, and though he be like to become a hero among men, his time is not yet come to lead forth an army. And that which thou sayest hath been done, surely it is not the work of a babe. But enter, I pray thee, into my house, and we will confer together concerning this advenTure."

Then Rostam bade his cooks make ready a banquet, and he feasted Giwe, and troubled his head with wine, and caused him to forget cares and time. But when morn was come Giwe remembered the commands of the King that he tarry not, but reTurn with all speed, and he spake thereof to Rostam, and prayed him to make known his resolve. But Rostam spake, saying-

"Disquiet not thyself, for death will surely fall upon these men of Turan. Stay with me yet another day and rest, and water thy lips that are parched. For though this Sohrab be a hero like to Saam and Zal and Narymann, verily he shall fall by my hands."

And he made ready yet another banquet, and three days they caroused without ceasing. But on the fourth Giwe uprose with resolve, and came before Rostam girt for deparTure. And he said-

"It behoveth me to reTurn, O Pahlewan, for I bethink me how Kay Kavous is a man hard and choleric, and the fear of Sohrab weigheth upon his heart, and his soul burneth with impatience, and he hath lost sleep, and hath hunger and thirst on this account. And he will be wroth against us if we delay yet longer to do his behest."

Then Rostam said,

"Fear not, for none on earth dare be angered with me."

But he did as Giwe desired, and made ready his army, and saddled Rakhsh, and set forth from Zabolestan, and a great train followed after him.

Now when they came nigh unto the courts of the King, the nobles came forth to meet them, and do homage before Rostam. And when they were come in Rostam gat him from Rakhsh and hastened into the presence of his lord. But Kay-Kavous, when he beheld him, was angry, and spake not, and his brows were knit with fury; and when Rostam had done obeisance before him, he unlocked the doors of his mouth, and words of folly escaped his lips. And he said-

"Who is Rostam, that he defieth my power and disregardeth my commands? If I had a sword within my grasp I would split his head like to an orange. Seize him, I command, and hang him upon the nearest gallows, and let his name be never spoken in my presence."

When he heard these words Giwe trembled in his heart, but he

said,

"Dost thou put forth thy hand against Rostam?"

And the King when he heard it was beside himself, and he cried with a loud voice that Giwe be hanged together with the other; and he bade Tous lead them forth. And Tous would have led them out, for he hoped the anger of the King would be appeased; but Rostam broke from his grasp and stood before Kay-Kavous, and all the nobles were filled with fear when they saw his anger. And he flung reproaches at Kay Kavous, and he recalled to him his follies, and the march into Mazandaran and Hamavaran, and his flight into Heaven; and he reminded him how that but for Rostam he would not now be seated upon the throne of light. And he bade him threaten Sohrab the Turk with his gallows, and he said-

"I am a free man and no slave, and am servant alone unto God; and without Rostam Kay-Kavous is as nothing. And the world is subject unto me, and Rakhsh is my throne, and my sword is my seal, and my helmet my crown. And but for me, who called forth Kay-Ghobad, thine eyes had never looked upon this throne. And had I desired it I could have sat upon its seat. But now am I weary of thy follies, and I will Turn me away from Iran, and when this Turk shall have put you under his yoke I shall not learn thereof."

Then he Turned him and strode from out the presence-chamber. And he sprang upon Rakhsh, who waited without, and he was vanished from before their eyes ere yet the nobles had rallied from their astonishment. And they were downcast and oppressed with boding cares, and they held counsel among themselves what to do; for Rostam was their mainstay, and they knew that, bereft of his arm and counsel,

they could not stand against this Turk. And they blamed Kay-Kavous, and counted over the good deeds that Rostam had done for him, and they pondered and spake long. And in the end they resolved to send a messenger unto Kay-Kavous, and they chose from their midst Goudarz the aged, and bade him stand before the King. And Goudarz did as they desired, and he spake long and without fear, and he counted over each deed that had been done by Rostam; and he reproached the King with his ingratitude, and he said how Rostam was the shepherd, and how the flock could not be led without its leader. And Kay-Kavous heard him unto the end, and he knew that his words were the words of reason and truth, and he was ashamed of that which he had done, and confounded when he beheld his acts thus naked before him. And he humbled himself before Goudarz, and said-

"That which thou sayest, surely it is right."

And he entreated Goudarz to go forth and seek Rostam, and bid him forget the evil words of his King, and bring him back to the succour of Iran. And Goudarz hastened forth to do as Kay-Kavous desired, and he told the nobles of his mission and they joined themselves unto him, and all the chiefs of Iran went forth in quest of Rostam. And when they had found him, they prostrated themselves into the dust before him, and Goudarz told him of his mission, and he prayed him to remember that Kay-Kavous was a man devoid of understanding, whose thoughts flowed over like to new wine that fermenteth. And he said-

"Though Rostam be angered against the King, yet hath the land of Iran done no wrong that it should Parish at his hands. Yet, if Rostam save it not, surely it will fall under this Turk."

But Rostam said,

"My patience hath an end, and I fear none but God. What is this Kay-Kavous that he should anger me? and what am I that I have need of him? I have not deserved the evil words that he spake unto me, but now will I think of them no longer, but cast aside all thoughts of Iran."

When the nobles heard these words they grew pale, and fear took hold on their hearts. But Goudarz, full of wisdom, opened his mouth and said-

"O Pahlewan! the land, when it shall learn of this, will deem that Rostam is fled before the face of this Turk; and when men shall believe that Tehemten is afraid, they will cease to combat, and Iran will be downtrodden at his hands. Turn thee not, therefore, at this hour from thy allegiance to the King, and tarnish not thy glory by this retreat, neither suffer that the downfall of Iran rest upon thy head. Put from thee, therefore, the words that Kay-Kavous spake in his empty anger, and lead us forth to battle against this Turk. For it must not be spoken that Rostam feared to fight a beardless boy."

And Rostam listened and pondered these words in his heart, and knew that they were good. But he said-

"Fear hath never been known of me, neither hath Rostam shunned the din of arms, and I depart not because of Sohrab, but because that scorn and insult have been my recompense."

Yet when he had pondered a while longer, he saw that he must reTurn unto the King. So he did that which he knew to be right, and he rode till he came unto the gates of Kay-Kavous, and he strode with a proud step into his presence.

Now when the King beheld Rostam from afar, he stepped down from off his throne and came before his Pahlewan, and craved his pardon for that which was come about. And he said how he had been angered because Rostam had tarried in his coming, and how haste was his birthright, and how he had forgotten himself in his vexation. But now was his mouth filled with the dust of repentance. And Rostam said-

"The world is the King's, and it behoveth thee to do as beseemeth thee best with thy servants. And until old age shall my loins be girt in fealty unto thee. And may power and majesty be thine for ever!"

And Kay-Kavous answered and said,

"O my Pahlewan, may thy days be blessed unto the end!"

Then he invited him to feast with him, and they drank wine till far into the night, and held counsel together how they should act; and slaves poured rich gifts before Rostam, and the nobles rejoiced, and all was well again within the gates of the King.

Then when the sun had risen and clothed the world with love, the clarions of war were sounded throughout the city, and men made them ready to go forth in enmity before the Turks. And the legions of Iran came forth at the behest of their King, and their countless thousands hid the earth under their feet, and the air was darkened by their spears. And when they were come unto the plains where stood the fortress of Hadzir, they set up their tents as was their manner. So the watchmen saw them from the battlements, and he set up a great cry. And Sohrab heard the cry, and questioned the man wherefore he shouted; and when he learned that the enemy were come, he rejoiced, and demanded a cup of wine, and drank to their destruction. Then he called forth Humaan and showed him the army, and bade him be of good cheer, for he said that he saw within its ranks no hero of mighty mace whocould stand against himself. So he bade his warriors to a banquet of wine, and he said that they would feast until the time was come to meet their foes in battle. And they did as Sohrab said.

Now when night had thrown her mantle over the earth, Rostam came before the King and craved that he would suffer him to go forth beyond the camp that he might see what manner of man was this stripling. And Kay-Kavous granted his request, and said that it was worthy a Pahlewan of renown. Then Rostam went forth disguised in the garb of a Turk, and he entered the castle in secret, and he came within the chamber where Sohrab held his feast. Now when he had looked upon the boy he saw that he was like to a tall cypress of good sap, and that his arms were sinewy and strong like to the flanks of a camel, and that his staTure was that of a hero. And he saw that round about him stood brave warriors. And slaves with golden bugles poured wine before them, and they were all glad, neither did they dream of sorrow. Then it came about that while Rostam regarded them, Zindeh changed his seat and came nigh unto the spot where Rostam was watching. Now Zindeh was brother unto Tahmineh, and she had sent him forth with her son that he might point out to him his father, whom he alone knew of all the army, and she did it that harm might not befall if the heroes should meet in battle. Now Zindeh, when he had changed his seat, thought that he espied a watcher, and he strode towards the place where Rostam was hid, and he came before him and said-

"Who art thou? Come forth into the light that I may behold thy face."

But ere he could speak further, Rostam had lifted up his hand and struck him, and laid him dead upon the ground.

Now Sohrab, when he saw that Zindeh was gone out, was disquieted, and he asked of his slaves wherefore the hero returned not unto the banquet. So they went forth to seek him, and when they had found him in his blood, they came and told Sohrab what they had seen. But Sohrab would not believe it; so he ran to the spot and bade them bring torches, and all the warriors and singing girls followed after him. Then when Sohrab saw that it was true he was sore grieved; but he suffered not that the banquet be ended, for he would not that the spirits of his men be damped with pity. So they went back yet again to the feast.

Meanwhile Rostam returned him to the camp, and as he would have entered the lines he encountered Giwe, who went around to see that all was safe. And Giwe, when he saw a tall man clad in the garb of a Turk, drew his sword and held himself ready for combat. But Rostam smiled and opened his mouth, and Giwe knew his voice, and came to him and questioned him what he did without in the darkness. And Rostam told him. Then he went before Kay-Kavous also and related what he had seen, and how no man like unto Sohrab was yet come forth from amid the Turks. And he likened him unto Saam, the son of Narymann.

Now when the morning was come, Sohrab put on his armour. Then he went unto a height whence he could look down over the camp of the Iranians. And he took with him Hadzir, and spake to him, saying-

"Seek not to deceive me, nor swerve from the paths of truth. For if thou reply unto my questions with sincerity, I will loosen thy bonds and give thee treasures; but if thou deceive me, thou shalt languish till death in thy chains."

And Hadzir said,

"I will give answer unto thee according to my knowledge."

Then Sohrab said,

"I am about to question thee concerning the nobles whose camps are spread beneath our feet, and thou shalt name unto me those whom I point out. Behold yon tent of gold brocade, adorned with skins of leopard, before whose doors stand an hundred elephants of war. Within its gates is a throne of Turquoise, and over it floateth a standard of violet with a moon and sun worked in its centre. Tell unto me now whose is this pavilion that standeth thus in the midst of the whole camp?"

And Hadzir replied,

"It pertaineth unto the King of Iran."

Then Sohrab said,

"I behold on its right hand yet another tent draped in the colours of mourning, and above it floateth a standard whereon is worked an elephant."

And Hadzir said,

"It is the tent of Tous, the son of Nuder, for he beareth an elephant as his ensign."

Then Sohrab said,

"Whose is the camp in which stand many warriors clad in rich armour? A flag of gold with a lion worked upon it waveth along its field."

And Hadzir said,

"It belongeth unto Goudarz the brave. And those who stand about it are his sons, for eighty men of might are sprung from his loins."

Then Sohrab said,

"To whom belongeth the tent draped with green tissues? Before its doors is planted the flag of Kaaveh. I see upon its throne a Pahlewan, nobler of mien than all his fellows, whose head striketh the stars. And beside him standeth a steed tall as he, and his standard showeth a lion and a writhing dragon."

When Hadzir heard this question he thought within himself,

"If I tell unto this lion the signs whereby he may know Rostam the Pahlewan, surely he will fall upon him and seek to destroy him. It will beseem me better, therefore, to keep silent, and to omit his name from the list of the heroes."

So he said unto Sohrab-

"This is some ally who is come unto Kay-Kavous from far Cathay, and his name is not known unto me."

And Sohrab when he heard it was downcast, and his heart was sad that he could nowhere discover Rostam; and though it seemed unto him that he beheld the marks whereby his mother said that he would know him, he could not credit the words of his eyes against the words of Hadzir. Still he asked yet again the name of the warrior, and yet again Hadzir denied it unto him, for it was written that that should come to pass which had been decreed. But Sohrab ceased not from his questionings. And he asked-

"Who dwelleth beneath the standard with the head of a wolf?"

And Hadzir said,

"It is Giwe, the son of Goudarz, who dwelleth within that tent, and men call him Giwe the valiant."

Then Sohrab said,

"Whose is the seat over which are raised awnings and brocades of Roum, that glisten with gold in the sunlight?

And Hadzir said,

"It is the throne of Fraburz, the son of the King."

Then Sohrab said,

"It beseemeth the son of a King to surround himself with such splendour."

And he pointed unto a tent with trappings of yellow that was encircled by flags of many colours. And he questioned of its owner. And Hadzir said,

"Guraz the lion-hearted is master therein."

Then Sohrab, when he could not learn the tent of his father, questioned Hadzir concerning Rostam, and he asked yet a third time of the green tent. Yet Hadzir ever replied that he knew not the name of its master. And when Sohrab pressed him concerning Rostam, he said that Rostam lingered in Zabolestan, for it was the feast of roses. But Sohrab refused to give ear unto the thought that Kay-Kavous should go forth to battle without the aid of Rostam, whose might none could match. So he said unto Hadzir-

"An thou show not unto me the tents of Rostam, I will strike thy head from off thy shoulders, and the world shall fade before thine eyes. Choose, therefore, the truth or thy life."

And Hadzir thought within himself,

"Though five score men cannot withstand Rostam when he be roused to battle-fury, my mind misgiveth me that he may have found his equal in this boy. And, for that the stripling is younger, it might come about that he subdue the Pahlewan. What recketh my life against the weal of Iran? I will therefore abandon me into his hands rather than show unto him themarks of Rostam the Pahlewan."

So he said-

"Why seekest thou to know Rostam the Pahlewan? Surely thou wilt know him in battle, and he shall strike thee dumb, and quell thy pride of youth. Yet I will not show him unto thee."

When Sohrab heard these words he raised his sword and smote Hadzir, and made an end of him with a great blow. Then he made himself ready for fight, and leaped upon his steed of battle, and he rode till he came unto the camp of the Iranians, and he broke down the barriers with his spear, and fear seized upon all men when they beheld his stalwart form and majesty of mien and action. Then Sohrab opened his mouth, and his voice of thunder was heard even unto the far ends of the camp. And he spake words of pride, and called forth the King to do battle with him, and he sware with a loud voice that the blood of Zindeh should be avenged. Now when Sohrab's voice had rung throughout the camp, confusion spread within its borders, and none of those who stood about the throne would accept his challenge for the King. And with one accord they said that Rostam was their sole support, and that his sword alone could cause the sun to weep. And Tous sped him within the courts of Rostam. And Rostam said-

"The hardest tasks doth Kay-Kavous ever lay upon me."

But the nobles would not suffer him to linger, neither to waste time in words, and they buckled upon him his armour, and they threw his leopard-skin about him, and they saddled Rakhsh, and made ready the hero for the strife. And they pushed him forth, and called after him-

"Haste, haste, for no common combat awaiteth thee, for verily Ahriman standeth before us."

Now when Rostam was come before Sohrab, and beheld the youth, brave and strong, with a breast like unto Saam, he said to him-

"Let us go apart from hence, and step forth from out the lines of the armies."

For there was a zone between the two camps that none might pass. And Sohrab assented to the demand of Rostam, and they stepped out into it, and made them ready for single combat. But when Sohrab would have fallen upon him, the soul of Rostam melted with compassion, and he desired to save a boy thus fair and valiant. So he said unto him-

"O young man, the air is warm and soft, but the earth is cold. I have pity upon thee, and would not take from thee the boon of life. Yet if we combat together, surely thou wilt fall by my hands, for none have withstood my power, neither men nor Deevs nor dragons. Desist, therefore, from this enterprise, and quit the ranks of Turan, for Iran hath need of heroes like unto thee."

Now while Rostam spake thus, the heart of Sohrab went out to him. And he looked at him wistfully, and said-

"O hero, I am about to put unto thee a question, and I entreat of thee that thou reply to me according to the truth. Tell unto me thy name, that my heart may rejoice in thy words, for it seemeth unto me that thou art none other than Rostam, the son of Zal, the son of Saam, the son of Narymann."

But Rostam replied,

"Thou errest, I am not Rostam, neither am I sprung from the race of Narymann. Rostam is a Pahlewan, but I, I am a slave, and own neither a crown nor a throne."

These words spake Rostam that Sohrab might be afraid when he beheld his prowess, and deem that yet greater might was hidden in the camp of his enemy. But Sohrab when he heard these words was sad, and his hopes that were risen so high were shattered, and the day that had looked so bright was made dark unto his eyes. Then he made him ready for the combat, and they fought until their spears were shivered and their swords hacked like unto saws. And when all their weapons were bent, they betook them unto clubs, and they waged war with these until they were broken. Then they strove until their mail was torn and their horses spent with exhaustion, and even then they could not desist, but wrestled with one another with their hands till that the sweat and blood ran down from their bodies. And they contended until their throats were parched and their bodies weary, and to neither was given the victory. Then they stayed them a while to rest, and Rostam thought within his mind how all his days he had not coped with such a hero. And it seemed to him that his contest with the White Deev had been as nought to this.

Now when they had rested a while they fell to again, and they fought with arrows, but still none could surpass the other. Then Rostam strove to hurl Sohrab from his steed, but it availed him nought, and he could shake him no more than the mountain can be moved from its seat. So they betook themselves again unto clubs, and Sohrab aimed at Rostam with might and smote him, and Rostam reeled beneath the stroke, and bit his lips in agony. Then Sohrab vaunted his advantage, and-bade Rostam go and measure him with his equals; for though his strength be great, he could not stand against a youth. So they went their ways, and Rostam fell upon the men of Turan, and spread confusion far and wide among their ranks; and Sohrab raged along the lines of Iran, and men and horses fell under his hands. And Rostam was sad in his soul, and he Turned with sorrow into his camp. But when he saw the destruction Sohrab had wrought his anger was kindled, and he reproached the youth, and challenged him to come forth yet again to single combat. But because that the day was far spent they resolved to rest until the morrow.

Then Rostam went before Kay-Kavous and told him of this boy of valour, and he prayed unto Urmazd that He would give him strength to vanquish his foe. Yet he made ready also his house lest he should fall in the fight, and he commanded that a tender message be borne unto Rudabeh, and he sent words of comfort unto Zal, his father. And Sohrab, too, in his camp lauded the might of Rostam, and he said how the battle had been sore, and how his mind had misgiven him of the issue. And he spake unto Humaan, saying-

"My mind is filled with thoughts of this aged man, mine adversary, for it would seem unto me that his staTure is like unto mine, and that I behold about him the tokens that my mother recounted unto me. And my heart goeth out towards him, and I muse if it be Rostam, my father. For it behoveth me not to combat him. Wherefore, I beseech thee, tell unto me how this may be."

But Humaan answered and said,

"Oft have I looked upon the face of Rostam in battle, and mine eyes have beheld his deeds of valour; but this man in no wise resembleth him, nor is his manner of wielding his club the Saame."

These things spake Humaan in his vileness, because that Afrasiyab had enjoined him to lead Sohrab into destruction. And Sohrab held his peace, but he was not wholly satisfied.

Now when the day had begun to lighten the sky and clear away the shadows, Rostam and Sohrab strode forth unto the midway spot that stretched between the armies. And Sohrab bare in his hands a mighty club, and the garb of battle was upon him; but his mouth was full of smiles, and he asked of Rostam how he had rested, and he said-

"Wherefore hast thou prepared thy heart for battle? Cast from thee, I beg, this mace and sword of vengeance, and let us doff our armour, and seat ourselves together in amity, and let wine soften our angry deeds. For it seemeth unto me that this conflict is impure. And if thou wilt listen to my desires, my heart shall speak to thee of love, and I will make the tears of shame spring up into thine eyes. And for this cause I ask thee yet again, tell me thy name, neither hide it any longer, for I behold that thou art of noble race. And it would seem unto me that thou art Rostam, the chosen one, the Lord of Zabolestan, the son of Zal, the son of Saam the hero."

But Rostam answered,

"O hero of tender age, we are not come forth to parley but to combat, and mine ears are sealed against thy words of lure. I am an old man, and thou art young, but we are girded for battle, and the Master of the world shall decide between us."

Then Sohrab said,

"O man of many years, wherefore wilt thou not listen to the counsel of a stripling? I desired that thy soul should leave thee upon thy bed, but thou hast elected to Parish in the combat. That which is ordained it must be done, therefore let us make ready for the conflict."

So they made them ready, and when they had bound their steeds they fell upon each other, and the crash of their encounter was heard like thunder throughout the camps. And they measured their strength from the morning until the setting of the sun. And when the day was about to vanish, Sohrab seized upon Rostam by the girdle and threw him upon the ground, and kneeled upon him, and drew forth his sword from his scabbard, and would have severed his head from his trunk. Then Rostam knew that only wile could save him. So he opened his mouth and said-

"O young man, thou knowest not the customs of the combat. It is written in the laws of honour that he who overthroweth a brave man for the first time should not destroy him, but preserve him for fight a second time, then only is it given unto him to kill his adversary."

And Sohrab listened to Rostam's words of craft and stayed his hand, and he let the warrior go, and because that the day was ended he sought to fight no more, but Turned him aside and chased the deer until the night was spent. Then came to him Humaan, and asked of the advenTures of the day. And Sohrab told him how he had vanquished the tall man, and how he had granted him freedom. And Humaan reproached him with his folly, and said-

"Alas, young man, thou didst fall into a snare, for this is not the custom among the brave. And now perchance thou wilt yet fall under the hands of this warrior."

Sohrab was abashed when he heard the words of Humaan, but he said-

"Be not grieved, for in an hour we meet again in battle, and verily he will not stand a third time against my youthful strength."

Now while Sohrab was thus doing, Rostam was gone beside a running brook, and laved his limbs, and prayed to God in his distress. And he entreated of Urmazd that He would grant him such strength that the victory must be his. And Urmazd heard him, and gave to him such strength that the rock whereon Rostam stood gave way under his feet, because it had not the power to bear him. Then Rostam saw it was too much, and he prayed yet again that part thereof be taken from him. And once more Urmazd listened to his voice. Then when the time for combat was come, Rostam Turned him to the meeting-place, and his heart was full of cares and his face of fears. But Sohrab came forth like a giant refreshed, and he ran at Rostam like to a mad elephant, and he cried with a voice of thunder-

"O thou who didst flee from battle, wherefore art thou come out once more against me? But I say unto thee, this time shall thy words of guile avail thee nought."

And Rostam, when he heard him, and looked upon him, was seized with misgiving, and he learned to know fear. So he prayed to Urmazd that He would restore to him the power He had taken back. But he suffered not Sohrab to behold his fears, and they made them ready for the fight. And he closed upon Sohrab with all his new-found might, and shook him terribly, and though Sohrab returned his attacks with vigour, the hour of his overthrow was come. For Rostam took him by the girdle and hurled him unto the earth, and he broke his back like to a reed, and he drew forth his sword to sever his body. Then Sohrab knew it was the end, and he gave a great sigh, and writhed in his agony, and he said-

"That which is come about, it is my fault, and henceforward will my youth be a theme of derision among the people. But I sped not forth for empty glory, but I went out to seek my father; for my mother had told me by what tokens I should know him, and I Parish for longing after him. And now have my pains been fruitless, for it hath not been given unto me to look upon his face. Yet I say unto thee, if thou shouldest become a fish that swimmeth in the depths of the ocean, if thou shouldest change into a star that is concealed in the farthest heaven, my father would draw thee forth from thy hiding-place, and avenge my death upon thee when he shall learn that the earth is become my bed. For my father is Rostam the Pahlewan, and it shall be told unto him how that Sohrab his son Parished in the quest after his face."

When Rostam heard these words his sword fell from out of his grasp, and he was shaken with dismay. And there broke from his heart a groan as of one whose heart was racked with anguish. And the earth became dark before his eyes, and he sank down lifeless beside his son. But when he had opened his eyes once more, he cried unto Sohrab in the agony of his spirit. And he said-

"Bearest thou about thee a token of Rostam, that I may know that the words which thou speakest are true? For I am Rostam the unhappy, and may my name be struck from the lists of men!"

When Sohrab heard these words his misery was boundless, and he cried-

"If thou art indeed my father, then hast thou stained thy sword in the life-blood of thy son. And thou didst it of thine obstinacy. For I sought to Turn thee unto love, and I implored of thee thy name, for I thought to behold in thee the tokens recounted of my mother. But I appealed unto thy heart in vain, and now is the time gone by for meeting. Yet open, I beseech thee, mine armour, and regard the jewel upon mine arm. For it is an onyx given unto me by my father, as a token whereby he should know me."

Then Rostam did as Sohrab bade him, and he opened his mail and saw the onyx; and when he had seen it he tore his clothes in his distress, and he covered his head with ashes. And the tears of penitence ran from his eyes, and he roared aloud in his sorrow. But Sohrab said-

"It is in vain, there is no remedy. Weep not, therefore, for doubtless it was written that this should be."

Now when the sun was set, and Rostam returned not to the camp, the nobles of Iran were afraid, and they went forth to seek him. And when they were gone but a little way they came upon Rakhsh, and when they saw that he was alone they raised a wailing, for they deemed that of a surety Rostam was Parished. And they went and told Kay-Kavous thereof, and he said-

"Let Tous go forth and see if this indeed be so, and if Rostam be truly fallen, let the drums call men unto battle that we may avenge him upon this Turk."

Now Sohrab, when he beheld afar off the men that were come out to seek Rostam, Turned to his father and said-

"I entreat of thee that thou do unto me an act of love. Let not the King fall upon the men of Turan, for they came not forth in enmity to him but to do my desire, and on my head alone resteth this expedition. Wherefore I desire not that they should Parish when I can defend them no longer. As for me, I came like the thunder and I vanish like the wind, but perchance it is given unto us to meet again above."

Then Rostam promised to do the desires of Sohrab. And he went before the men of Iran, and when they beheld him yet alive they set up a great shout, but when they saw that his clothes were torn, and that he bare about him the marks of sorrow, they asked of him what was come to pass. Then he told them how he had caused a noble son to Parish. And they were grieved for him, and joined in his wailing. Then he bade one among them go forth into the camp of Turan, and deliver this message unto Humaan. And he sent word unto him, saying-

"The sword of vengeance must slumber in the scabbard. Thou art now leader of the host, reTurn, therefore, whence thou camest, and depart across the river ere many days be fallen. As for me, I will fight no more, yet neither will I speak unto thee again, for thou didst hide from my son the tokens of his father, of thine iniquity thou didst lead him into this pit."

Then when he had thus spoken, Rostam Turned him yet again unto his son. And the nobles went with him, and they beheld Sohrab, and heard his groans of pain. And Rostam, when he saw the agony of the boy, was beside himself, and would have made an end of his own life, but the nobles suffered it not, and stayed his hand. Then Rostam remembered him that Kay-Kavous had a balm mighty to heal. And he prayed Goudarz go before the King, and bear unto him a message of entreaty from Rostam his servant. And he said-

"O King, if ever I have done that which was good in thy sight, if ever my hand have been of avail unto thee, recall now my benefits in the hour of my need, and have pity upon my dire distress. Send unto me, I pray thee, of the balm that is among thy treasures, that my son may be healed by thy grace."

And Goudarz outstripped the whirlwind in his speed to bear unto the King this message. But the heart of Kay-Kavous was hardened, and he remembered not the benefits he had received from Rostam, and he recalled only the proud words that he had spoken before him. And he was afraid lest the might of Sohrab be joined to that of his father, and that together they prove mightier than he, and Turn upon him. So he shut his ear unto the cry of his Pahlewan. And Goudarz bore back the answer of the King, and he said-

"The heart of Kay-Kavous is flinty, and his evil nature is like to a bitter gourd that ceaseth never to bear fruit. Yet I counsel thee, go before him thyself, and see if peradvenTure thou soften this rock."

And Rostam in his grief did as Goudarz counselled, and Turned to go before the King, but he was not come before him ere a messenger overtook him, and told unto him that Sohrab was departed from the world. Then Rostam set up a wailing such as the earth hath not heard the like of, and he heaped reproaches upon himself, and he could not cease from plaining the son that was fallen by his hands. And he cried continually-

"I that am old have killed my son. I that am strong have uprooted this mighty boy. I have torn the heart of my child, I have laid low the head of a Pahlewan."

Then he made a great fire, and flung into it his tent of many colours, and his trappings of Roum, his saddle, and his leopard-skin, his armour well tried in battle, and all the appurtenances of his throne. And he stood by and looked on to see his pride laid in the dust. And he tore his flesh, and cried aloud-

"My heart is sick unto death."

Then he commanded that Sohrab be swathed in rich brocades of gold worthy of his body. And when they had enfolded him, and Rostam learned that the Turanians had quitted the borders, he made ready his army to reTurn unto Zabolestan. And the nobles marched before the bier, and their heads were covered with ashes, and their garments were torn. And the drums of the war-elephants were shattered, and the cymbals broken, and the tails of the horses were shorn to the root, and all the signs of mourning were abroad.

Now Zal, when he saw the host reTurning thus in sorrow, marvelled what was come about; for he beheld Rostam at their head, wherefore he knew that the wailing was not for his son. And he came before Rostam and questioned him. And Rostam led him unto the bier and showed unto him the youth that was like in feaTure and in might unto Saam the son of Narymann, and he told him all that was come to pass, and how this was his son, who in years was but an infant, but a hero in battle. And Rudabeh too came out to behold the child, and she joined her lamentations unto theirs. Then they built for Sohrab a tomb like to a horse's hoof, and Rostam laid him therein in a chamber of gold perfumed with ambergris. And he covered him with brocades of gold. And when it was done, the house of Rostam grew like to a grave, and its courts were filled with the voice of sorrow. And no joy would enter into the heart of Rostam, and it was long before he held high his head.

Meantime the news spread even unto Turan, and there too did all men grieve and weep for the child of prowess that was fallen in his bloom. And the King of Saamangan tore his vestments, but when his daughter learned it she was beside herself with affliction. And Tahmineh cried after her son, and bewailed the evil fate that had befallen him, and she heaped black earth upon her head, and tore her hair, and wrung her hands, and rolled on the ground in her agony. And her mouth was never weary of plaining. Then she caused the garments of Sohrab to be brought unto her, and his throne and his steed. And she regarded them, and stroked the courser and poured tears upon his hoofs, and she cherished the robes as though they yet contained her boy, and she pressed the head of the palfrey unto her breast, and she kissed the helmet that Sohrab had worn. Then with his sword she cut off the tail of his steed and set fire unto the house of Sohrab, and she gave his gold and jewels unto the poor. And when a year had thus rolled over her bitterness, the breath departed from out her body, and her spirit went forth after Sohrab her son.

[ Continue: Siyâwash ]

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